Author Guidelines

The peer review process is initiated only if the manuscript:
is written in clear and concise Lithuanian or English language; papers below the journal’s standard can be rejected for this reason alone; is a technically as well as grammatically correct copy; satisfies the formal requirements of the journal.

I. Formal requirements. 

Authors of all texts submitted to the journal provide information about themselves – name, surname, degrees, email address for correspondence, institutional affiliation. Submitted papers must state the aim of the research, the objectives, the object, the method, and the degree of investigation of the problem under study. The research methodology, the style of the text or the type of discourse (structure of the paper, argumentation model) are a matter of free choice for the authors. 

The article should be accompanied by abstract:
- The title of the article;
- an abstract (optionally in Lithuanian, English, German or French) of up to 2000 characters;
- key words (up to 5 words in English and Lithuanian, and any other preferred language).

The optimum length of a published article is 40,000 characters, including footnotes and spaces. If the length of the proposed material (articles and source publications) exceeds 40,000 characters, the possibility of publication should be discussed with the editor-in-chief. The minimum length of an article to be published is 20,000 characters. It includes the text of the article, appendices (sources, tables, charts, maps, etc.), illustrations, and two abstracts (in Lithuanian and English, and, if necessary, in another foreign language, chosen according to the likely audience of the publication). The recommended length of the review and the synopsis of the scientific work is between 5 000 and 11 000 characters. ). The recommended length of a  chronicle (review of a scientific event/event) is 2000-5000 characters.

The publication consists of a facsimile or transcription of the original, based on the systematic principles discussed in a separate section of the commentary, with a translation into Lithuanian and, where necessary, textual and subject-specific (historical, linguistic, etc.) commentaries.

II. Paper submission

Texts and their appendices are accepted only in electronic form (by e-mail to  kristina.burinskaite@genocid.lt or on the webpage of journal (https://www.journals.vu.lt/gr/). Files must be drafted using Microsoft Office and later versions, in Times New Roman font, 12 pt size, 1.5 line spacing. Emailed submissions should be accompanied by a letter which declares that the paper is original, i.e., has not been published previously and is not submitted for publication in any other journal or book.

III. Scientific framework. 

"Genocidas ir rezistencija" follows the procedures for citation, referencing, and the compilation of the list of references discussed below, which our authors are strongly recommended to follow.

1. When citing a Lithuanian source, the quotation should be marked with quotation marks; quotations in foreign languages should be in italics. When quoting in quotation marks, the punctuation mark (comma, full stop) after the quotation is placed after the quotation marks, e.g. A a a “b b b b”. Only when a sentence begins and ends with a quotation is the punctuation mark placed before the last quotation mark, e.g. “A a a, a a a a.” Internal quotation marks are single, e.g. “A a a 'b b b' a a a”.

1.1. When a quotation is more than a few lines long, it shall be given in a separate paragraph. Quotations presented in a separate paragraph shall have no quotation marks, be separated by line spacing and set in a smaller font.

1.2. All corrections by the author to the citation shall be indicated by square brackets [aaa]. If the quotation does not start at the beginning of a sentence, it should be lowercased and shall not be preceded by an ellipsis. Where the quotation ends before the end of the quoted sentence, it is followed by an ellipsis in square brackets [...].

1.3. It is recommended to translate into Lithuanian any quotations in foreign languages. If it is necessary to include quotations in the original language, it is still recommended to have them translated into Lithuanian.

2. Years shall be written with Arabic numerals, e.g. 1861; decades are written with Arabic numerals or the full word, e.g. 1970s or eighties, in the 1960s or in the seventies; centuries are written with Arabic numerals and the abbreviation cent., e.g. 16th cent.; when a time period is written in full, a long dash without spaces is used between the Arabic numerals, e.g. 1815–1831; 6th–20th centuries; when the year is given in brackets, the abbreviation of the word year is not written, e.g. (1900) or (1579–1832).

2.1. The full date may be written in long or short form. The short form shall be written in Arabic numerals in the following order: day, month, year, separated by slash, e.g.: 06/16/1987. In long form, the day and the year are written in Arabic numerals, the month in full, e.g., 16 June 1987.

3. Surnames written in the Latin alphabet shall be given in their original spelling with their full names; surnames written in other alphabets shall be transliterated into the Latin alphabet in accordance with the rules approved by the Lithuanian Language Commission. After the first mention of a full surname later only the surname is used, and where appropriate (in the case of overlapping surnames) by the surname followed by the first letter of the first name. The names of gods, saints, kings, emperors, princes, popes, cardinals, archbishops, and bishops are traditionally spelled in Lithuanian.

4. Non-Lithuanian place names are given in accordance with the current procedure – they are transcribed in Lithuanian, in accordance with the decisions of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language. Place  names spelled incorrectly or according to the old spelling norms shall be spelled in accordance with their modern-day usage. Abbreviated forms of place names shall be written in full. In exceptional cases, the original spelling shall be retained when the pronunciation and spelling of the place name varies in Lithuanian literature, has an old tradition or is completely unknown or not included in dictionaries or encyclopaedias.

5. Proper names, names and terms with a distinctive meaning shall be capitalized. If such names or terms are made up of more than one word, each constituent word shall be capitalised, e.g., the Church, the Mother of Mercy, the Lithuanian Reform Movement.

5.1. In the names of religious communities, all words in the name shall be capitalized, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church, etc.

6. The names of books or other publications, films, paintings and companies shall be italicised in the text, except where they are given in an expanded form, that is, with a common word or abbreviation and the symbolic name in quotation marks, e.g. private limited liability company “Sapnas”. Titles of articles, poems or smaller textual elements shall be given in quotation marks.

7. Names of institutions written in Latin alphabet shall be translated in the text, with the original form in italics in brackets or footnote, as appropriate. Symbolic names shall be written in their original form, and personal names written in other alphabets shall be transliterated into the Latin alphabet.

8. Footnotes shall be placed at the bottom of the page, numbered in Arabic numerals; except if there is a single footnote in the text, which may be marked with an asterisk. Similarly, a footnote not belonging to the content of the text may be distinguished in a similar way, e.g., references to the sponsorship of research presented in the text, the project on which the text was based, etc. In the text, the footnote mark is placed before a punctuation mark, e.g. ---1; "---"1. In citation given as a separate paragraph, the footnote mark is placed after the last punctuation mark. Footnotes shall be numbered consecutively within the article or publication (its commentary).

9. The description of publications in other languages shall be given in the original language and characters; non-Latin titles shall be transliterated into Latin, Cyrillic titles shall be given in their original form or transliterated into Latin. Where appropriate, a translation of the title or other data into Lithuanian may be given in square brackets.
    Трацевскис Р. <i>Истинная история Литвы XX века</i>, Вильнюс, 2014.
    [Tracevskis R. <i>Istinaja istorija Litvy XX veka</i>, Vilnius, 2014]

9.1. Bibliography (sources, references) shall be given in the end of the artiles. The data for the description of the publication shall be taken from the title page of the publication and shall be presented without abbreviations or corrections.

9.2. The description of books and other publications shall first of all indicate the author’s first name(s) and surname; no punctuation shall be used in between. Next, the title of the book shall follow in italics, separated by a comma. This is followed by the place of publication (no more than two cities), the publishing house or publisher and the year. The place of publication is separated from the publishing house or publisher by a colon; the publisher is separated from the year by a comma. The page of the book is indicated after the year; it is separated by a comma and followed by the Lithuanian abbreviation p.:
    Aurimas Švedas, <i>Istoriko teritorija</i>, Vilnius: Aukso žuvys, 2020, p. 13.

9.3. Where a book or article has been written by several co-authors, they are listed one after another, separated by a comma. Where there are more than three co-authors or compilers of a book or article, only the first author or compiler shall be indicated, followed by the abbreviation in square brackets [et al]. Where the author is not highlighted, not listed, or merely assumed on the title page of the book, he or she may be indicated in square brackets at the beginning of the description, separated by a comma:
    Sigita Černevičiūtė, Monika Kareniauskaitė, <i>Pati kalta? Smurto prieš moteris istorija XX a. Lietuvoje</i>, Kaunas: Vytautas Magnus University, 2021.
    Arvydas Anušauskas [et al.], <i>Lietuva 1940–1990: okupuotos Lietuvos istorija</i>, Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, 2007.

9.4. If the author has signed with a pseudonym, it shall also be indicated in the description in square brackets before the pseudonym; no punctuation is used:
    [Juozas Lukša] Juozas Daumantas, <i>Partizanai</i>, Chicago: Į Laisvę fondas lietuviškai kultūrai ugdyti, 1984.

10. When a book or publication has a subtitle, it is given after the title, is italicized like the title and separated by a colon:
    Vytautas Merkys, <i>Motiejus Valančius: Tarp katalikiškojo universalizmo ir tautiškumo</i>, Vilnius: Mintis, 1999.

10.1. When a book or publication has a subtitle indicating the genre of the book or publication, it shall be indicated after the title and shall be written in an upright font, separated by colon:
    Sigita Černevičiūtė, Saulius Kaubrys, <i>Kartuvių kilpa, kulka ir dujų kamera: Mirties bausmė Lietuvoje 1918–1940 metais:</i> a Monograph), Vilnius: Gimtasis žodis, 2014.

11. When one footnote refers to several works by the same author, the author is referred to by his/her full name the second and subsequent times:
    Tomas Vaiseta, <i>Nuobodulio visuomenė: kasdienybė ir ideologija vėlyvuoju sovietmečiu (1964–1984)</i>, Vilnius: Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademija, Naujasis Židinys, 2014; Tomas Vaiseta, <i>Vasarnamis: Vilniaus psichiatrijos ligoninės socialinė istorija (1944–1990)</i>: a monograph, Vilnius: Lapas, 2018; Tomas Vaiseta, <i>Orfėjas, kelionė pirmyn ir atgal:</i> a novel, Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 2016.

12. When the place and year of publication are not indicated anywhere in the book or publication, it shall be indicated by abbreviations in square brackets, e.g., without place – [s. l.], without year – [s. a.]; the reconstructed actual place and year of publication of counterfactuals shall be indicated in square brackets.

13. When a book or publication has a compiler, editor, translator, etc., their position (function) and the language from which it was translated shall be indicated after the title in the full wording as it appears in the book cited and shall be written upright, separated by a comma:
    <i>Lietuvių klausimas Rusijos imperijoje XIX a. – XX a. pradžioje</i>, compiled by Rimantas Vėbra, Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 2001, p. 201.
    <i>Mindaugo knyga: Istorijos šaltiniai apie Lietuvos karalių</i>, compiled and translated into Lithuanian by Darius Antanavičius, Darius Baronas, Artūras Dubonis (compiler in chief), Rimvydas Petrauskas, Vilnius: LII leidykla, 2005, p. 105.

14. The volume of a multi-volume publication shall be indicated by Lithuanian abbreviation t. after the general title and an Arabic numeral, separated by a comma. The title of a volume or part of a volume shall be written in italics and separated by a colon:
    <i>Lietuvos gyventojų genocidas</i>, vol. 1: 1939–1941 (A–Ž), Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, 1997.

15. When a publication belongs to a series, it is usually not indicated in the footnotes, but, if necessary, it may be indicated in parentheses before the place of publication: the abbreviation ser. is given, the name of the series is in italics, and the volume or number of the series is given after the comma; it is separated by a comma:
    <i>The Unknown War: Anti-Soviet armed resistance in Lithuania and its legacies</i>, compiled by Arūnas Streikus, (ser.: Europa Country Perspectives, 6), London and New York: Routledge, 2002.

15.1. Where a publication has an editorial board or belongs to a series with an editorial board, the composition of the editorial board shall, where appropriate, be indicated before the place of publication; to be separated by a comma:
    Daiva Krištopaitienė, <i>Kristijono Donelaičio raštų leidimai: tekstologinės problemos</i> (ser. <i>Lithuanian textological studies</i>, I), editorial board of Ilona Čiužauskaitė, Loreta Jakonytė, Kristina Mačiulytė, Jurgita Ūsaitytė, Mikas Vaicekauskas (editor-in-chief), Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2007.

16. The second consecutive quotation is in italics Ibid. If quoted for the second or more non-consecutive time, the author and the abbreviation op. cit. in italics shall be indicated:
    Aurimas Švedas, <i>op. cit.</i>, p. 126.
    <i>Ibid.</i>, p. 29.

17. When quoting more than one text by the same author for the second or more non-consecutive time, the author and the abbreviated title of the text are to be indicated. If there is no author, the abbreviated title is given:
    Tomas Vaiseta, <i>Vasarnamis...</i>, p. 101.
    <i>The Unknown War</i>, p. 52.

18. The title of scientific periodicals is given in italics, the place of publication, the year, the volume and/or issue (in the case of a subtitle of a volume or issue, it is separated by a colon and is written in italics), the compiler of the issue (if written in the publication) is given in straight font:
    <i>Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis</i>, Vilnius, 2006, vol. 41: <i>Šventųjų relikvijos Lietuvos kultūroje</i>, compiled by Tojana Račiūnaitė, p. 145.
    <i>Lietuvių katalikų mokslo akademijos metraštis</i>, Vilnius, 2011, vol. 35, p. 213.
    <i>Lituanus</i>, Chicago, 2010, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 10.

19. The title of journals and newspapers is indicated in italics, and the year, volume or issue, and pages are in given in upright font. The date of the newspapers is indicated before the issue in short form. The place of publication and the publisher are sometimes, but not necessarily, indicated; this is usually the case for foreign, regional or old publications:
    <i>Naujasis Židinys-Aidai</i>, 2011, No. 5, pp. 317-327.
    <i>Pasaulio lietuvis</i>, Lemont, 1997, No. 2, pp. 11-13.
    <i>Viltis: Visuomenės, literatūros ir politikos laikraštis</i>, Vilnius, 1913-01-06 (19), No. 3 (790), p. 2.
    
20. When quoting articles or other texts from scientific periodicals, regularly issued and similar publications, journals, newspapers, the author, the title of the article is given in quotation marks, the publication in which the article was published, and the publication is written in italics. The title of the article or other text is separated from the publication by the abbreviation in:
    Enrika Kripienė, „Juozas Šibaila-Merainis“, in: <i>Genocidas ir rezistencija</i>, Vilnius, 2021, No. 2 (50), p. 80–106.
    Tetiana Boriak, „Holodomoras 1932–1933 m.: Ukrainos genocidas dokumentuose, atmintyje ir sakytiniuose šaltiniuose“, in: <i>Naujasis Židinys-Aidai</i>, 2022, No. 5, p. 13.
    Jurgita Šiaučiūnaitė-Verbickienė, „Žydai“, in: <i>Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kultūra: Tyrinėjimai ir vaizdai</i>, compiled by Vytautas Ališauskas, Liudas Jovaiša, Mindaugas Paknys, Rimvydas Petrauskas, Eligijus Raila, Vilnius: Aidai, 2001, p. 796–809.
    Antanas Alekna, „Vyskupas Valančius ir blaivybė“, in: <i>Vienybė: Savaitinis laikraštis</i>, Kaunas, 1918-03-07, No. 7, p. 102–105.

21. Handwritten documents are described in the following order: document name, metrics – place, date, number (reconstructed or other data not mentioned in the archival description are given in square brackets), after the abbreviation in: the name of the archive is written, the name of the fund, description, file, abbreviations of pages – fund, descr. p. Collections of documents or manuscript books bound together shall be cited according to the above examples of bibliographic descriptions, except that the name of the archive or library, signature and other data shall be inserted after the year of compilation:
    Monikos Alūzaitės tardymo protokolas, transcript of 16-01-1951, in: Lietuvos ypatingasis archyvas (hereinafter – LYA), f. K-1, descr. 58, file No. 28598/3, vol.  3, envelope No. 6, p. 6–2. 
    LSSR Glavlito partinės organizacijos susirinkimo protokolas, 17-03-1964, in: LYA, f. 7759, descrip. 2, file No. 8, p. 9v.

22. The description of electronic publications follows the above rules for bibliographic descriptions, except that when referring to an electronic document it is necessary to indicate the type of medium, e.g. [CD-ROM] or [online], in square brackets. The description of documents accessible via the Internet includes the Internet access, with the latest date of checking the link in brackets at the end:
    <i>Įdomioji Lietuvos istorija: Lietuvos valstybingumo istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki mūsų dienų</i>, [CD-ROM], Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai, 2004.
    Mingailė Jurkutė, „Du Noreikos: Optinis taikiklis prieš titnago kirvuką informaciniuose karuose“, [online], in: https://www.delfi.lt/news/ringas/lit/mingaile-jurkute-du-noreikos-optinis-taikiklis-pries-titnago-kirvuka-informaciniuose-karuose.d?id=86454141, (13-12-2022).

22.1. For the second non-consecutive citation of electronic publications, the rules for bibliographic description set out above shall apply:
    <i>Įdomioji Lietuvos istorija</i>.
    <i>Ibid</i>.
    Saulius Lapinskas, <i>op. cit.</i>

23. Where the sources and literature used in the preparation of the text are more extensive than those indicated in the footnotes, a list of references may be given at the end. The list of references should be in alphabetical order of the descriptions and follow the rules for bibliographical descriptions, except that the author’s surname should be given first, followed by his or her first name; the comma after the surname should not be written:

24. The bibliographical description of foreign publications shall be prepared in accordance with the Lithuanian principles. 

25. Articles and publications are accompanied by abstracts (summaries of the source publications), details of the authors: academic degrees and names, the institution and the city and country in which it is based, and an e-mail address.

The Editorial Board undertakes to advise, where necessary, postgraduate and doctoral students and young researchers preparing their first scientific publications. 
All articles and source publications in Genocidas ir rezistencija journal are peer-reviewed anonymously by two reviewers. Authors are only informed of the reviews if the texts have been assessed as being in need of revision and if the reviewers’ comments may contribute to necessary corrections. The Editorial Board does not undertake to provide explanations to the authors of rejected texts. The maximum time limit for the Editorial Board to decide whether to publish, reject or return a text for revision is 4 months. This deadline is not directly linked to the timing of the eventual publication, which may depend on the formatting of thematic issues.
All texts to be published are reviewed from a linguistic point of view and, if necessary, corrected by editors. Authors are provided with the typeset texts in electronic format for proofreading and authorisation. When returning the text to the editorial board, authors shall confirm their authorisation and consent to its publication in Genocidas ir rezistencija and access through associated databases by simple or electronic signature or by e-mail.
Printed texts and illustrations, discs and CDs are not returned to the authors.
In case of any uncertainties concerning the subject matter, the principles of preparation or any other issues related to the subject matter of the Genocidas ir rezistencija journal, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

IV. Copyright

"Genocide and resistance" is an open-access journal. All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.

N.B. "Genocide and resistance" uses Crossref Similarity Check powered by iThenticate to check for duplication and attribution in submitted manuscripts. However, even using the contemporary technological devices and with the kind assistance of experienced reviewers, the journal’s Editorial Board is not in a position to thoroughly compare all the submitted papers with the vast totality of historical texts published in various languages; therefore, the originality of the papers remains at the sole responsibility of the authors. In case plagiarised material is revealed in any of the published papers, the paper will be retracted, and the Editorial Board will make a public notice to the readers.

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